Calculate grade percentage, ratio, and angle based on elevation changes and distances. This tool is essential for civil engineering, road design, hiking trail assessment, and more.
Gentle slope
Suitable for railways and major highways
Grade (also called slope, incline, gradient, pitch, or rise) is the measure of steepness of a road, railroad, or trail. It is typically expressed as a percentage, ratio, or angle.
Grade percentage is calculated as (Rise ÷ Run) × 100. For example, if a road rises 5 meters over a horizontal distance of 100 meters, the grade is 5%.
Grade ratio is expressed as 1:X, where X is the horizontal distance needed for a 1-unit rise. For example, a 5% grade is equivalent to a 1:20 ratio (1 unit of rise for every 20 units of horizontal distance).
Grade angle is the angle of inclination measured in degrees. It is calculated using the arctangent function: angle = arctan(Rise ÷ Run). For example, a 5% grade is approximately 2.86 degrees.
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